Suchergebnisse

In his theory of anxiety disorders, Eysenck (1997) argued that focus on one's own behavior is associated with social phobia, whereas focus on future-oriented threat cognitions is associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder. These foci occur in part because social phobics tend to be
introverted and obsessive-compulsives either perceive themselves as having onerous responsibilities or actually do have them (e.g., women with infants). These assumptions have empirical support (Eysenck). We can use the theory to predict cross-cultural differences in anxiety disorders.
Social phobia should be more common in introverted cultures. We correlated lifetime incidence of social phobia (data: Wittchen & Fehm, 2001) with extraversion (data: Steel & Ones, 2002) across several countries, obtaining the predicted negative correlation (-0.35). We will expand the
database to establish definitively the strength of this association. We will also explore the prediction that people in individualistic countries (emphasizing personal responsibility) have a higher incidence of obsessive-compulsive disorder than those in collectivistic countries, a prediction
receiving preliminary support (e.g., Essau, Sakano, Ishikawa, & Sasagawa, 2004).

The article is devoted to the consideration of a cross-cultural approach to the interpretation of different levels of identities from the standpoint of the theorization of the positions available in science. The aim of this study is to analyze the concept of cross-cultural methodology developed within the framework of relevant research, which becomes one of the significant aspects of the implementation of the mechanism of eternal reversion in the modern era. The novelty of the represented scientific research is the provisions that substantiate the identifica-tion of new forms of realization of the mechanism of "eternal return" inherent in modernity. It is emphasized that cross-cultural processes accompanied by the establishment of personal cultural identity can be interpreted as such. The latter is compared with the sociocultural context, expressing itself in the search for similarities and differences between the Being and the Other, which substantially determines the methodology of cross-cultural processes and research. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that the latter are conditioned by a unified ontological basis of personal cultural identity inscribed in a certain socio-cultural context.